Lecture 10 - A History of Advertising

• Key points of the historical narrative presented
• The contexts (historical, political, economic, etc) in which modern advertising emerged in the uk
• Aspects of advertising strategy
• Linked to the lecture Social Media and Communication that looks at the impact of New Media
• The importance of soap

The Plot:

• large-scale colour printing technology developed in the 19 century. 
• This led to the soup ads for Lever brothers
• These ads and the strategy incited by Lever points towards creative advertising giants called Bernbach (DDB) and Hegarty (BBH).
• Bernbach founded a very influential agency in the mid 50s in New York the agency is called Doyle Dane Bernbach. 

• Sunlight vision 
• Advertising is essential and promotes growth 
• Pre-packaging was introduced in 1860s 
• First one to use this printing and folding method was Kellogg's 
• Adds brand value through advertising 
• Abolishment of taxes on newspapers 
• Progress with reproduction and printing methods in 1880s caused further booms 
• 1890s technology enabled contemporary paintings to be reproduced 

 

• Aspirational images used in soap advert 
• Advertising transformed soap manufacture in local areas 1885 to become one of the worlds first multinationals
• Use of child as a sign 
• Infant mortality rate high at the time 
• Very popular subject 
• Signified joy, blessing, purity 

 

• George Dunlop Leslie works bought often to be used in adverts- linked to Alice in Wonderland
• Emotional strategy 
• Strategy enhanced by image style 
• Selecting and presenting contemporary art works- communicated more powerfully a desired message 
• Reproduced for the masses 
• Use of colour in imagery- provided entertainment/ spectacle 
• Other ads just text based at the time 

First creative Advertising

• Message was told in an interesting and innovative way
• Imagery provided a spectacle and entertainment, especially for working classes to whom it was usually aimed at
• By adding simple endlines, Lever managed to change the meanings of images to his advantage.
• Distinct from other advertising that had gone before.
• Encouraged consumers to collect vouchers and save for prints of the ads.

• Brand loyalty 
• Lever bros one of first to introduce innovative advertising events- open to involvement from everyone 
• Royal endorsement in 1892 
• Soap makers to Queen Victoria 
• Democratization

•  Lever used different international agencies in the 20th century 
• Imperial mission- civilize rest of world
• Empire celebrate as part of working class 
• Sanitary achievements- adverts to persuade consumers about hygiene 
• High feeling strategy 
• Discrepancy theory widespread
• Between self and ideal image- differences 
• Celebrity endorsements 
• Unilever's still a sponsor of contemporary art today 
• 1920s and 30s began criticisms- products of capitalism and mechanism

Fundamentals of honest business, will continue to advance humanity to brotherhood…honesty in advertising …is a cardinal principle in your country and in mine…the advertiser…is building for those who follow after him. It should be the same with nations’

Leverhulme NY (1923)

Here is a nice virtual history of advertising I found online.

http://www.nonlineagency.com/multimedia/the_history_of_advertising/ 

Here is a site i Looked at on Advertising Techniques:

1. Internet Advertising

2. Direct Mail

3. Writing as Advertising

4. TV Advertising

5. Public Relations as one of the “Earned” Advertising Techniques

6. Print Advertising (Newspaper, Magazine, etc)

7. Radio

8. Word-Of-Mouth

and Buzz as Advertising Techniques

http://buzzmarketing.com/2010/11/26/advertising-techniques/

RAIN WATER FACTS CONT...

The average personal treated mains drinking water usage in England and Wales is 150 litres a day - rainwater could be used for nearly half of this. For a household of 4 people this equates to savings of 275 litres a day or 100 cu.m. a year.

At work, an employee uses between 25 and 40 litres/day, depending on whether there is a canteen with a kitchen or not.

• The demand for water has been growing by 1% per year for the past 75 years - on average, you use 150 litres of water a day.
• 30% of treated mains water is used to flush toilets - a properly installed rainwater collection system could save all this water.
• In offices, schools and other commercial (non-residential) premises, this figure can rise to 80% of mains treated water.
• The roof on a 'typical' four bed family home captures more than 100,000 litres (100 cu.m) of rainwater a year.
• Many commercial premises have much greater roof areas so rainwater capture can be much greater.
• A typical family uses 70,000 litres year on toilet flushing, clothes washing, and outside use.
• Even a regulated flush uses 5 litres of water, its easy to multiply that by the numbers in an office and average use.
• Consider the flow rate before taking a shower - a 10 litre/min power shower for 15 minutes will use 150 litres water, equivalent to 2 baths. Shower flow rates vary from 1.5 l/min (ultra low) to 12+ l/min (power shower). A typical 5 l/min domestic shower for 5 minutes is the same as one third of a bath.
• A leaky tap in the office toilets or canteen kitchen can waste 60 litres an hour (5mm stream) or nearly half your daily usage.
• That leaky tap could be costing your business around £10 a week in wasted mains water (based on a charge of £1 per 1000 litres).
• Fix leaking water using equipment quickly and encourage staff to report leaks.
• Approx 20% of UK domestic water is used for bathing and showering.
• Don't think of water use and disposal charges as fixed costs. Many companies can save up to 50% of their water costs through implementing simple and inexpensive water minimistaion measures.
• Washing machines use approximately 14% of domestic water. In the last 25 years, their water requirements per load have reduced by approximately two thirds.
• Dishwashers are more water efficient and effective than hand washing.
• In the UK, the proportion of water used for gardening can approach 50% during the driest months.
• At work, water minimising controls, e.g. push taps, flow regulator/restrictors, cistern displacement devices, spray nozzles on hoses, low flush toilets and sensor urinal flushing controls can save significant amounts of water in the toilets, vehicle yard and canteen kitchen.
• If you use steam for heating or processes, insulate steam pipes well and check for leaks. Condensates waste around £6 per 1000 litres and steam costs around £21 per tonne (1000 litres water).
• There is less water for each person in the UK than most European and some Middle Eastern countries. 
• Water is scarce in many parts of the UK – but demand for water is growing steadily at a rate of 1% per year.
• 38 litres of water are needed to refine 1 litre of petrol.
• Enough rainwater falls in the UK to more than meet the needs of everyone.
• Rainwater Harvesting is already common in Europe – about 100,000 systems were installed during 2005/2006.
• If half of the 60 million plus people living in the UK saved rainwater (e.g. half of all dwellings fitted with rainwater harvesting systems), this would save over 750 million cu.m. of treated mains water a year.

 Part one: UK rain

• Drops of rain with a diameter of less than half a millimeter are know as drizzle

There are three types of rain:

• Orographic 
• Frontal 
• Convective (known as showers)

The most rain ever recorded in one day in the UK was 279.4 millimetres in Martinstown Dorset 18th July 1955

One inch of rain falling over an area of one acre has a weight of about one ton

On average it rains one in three days in the UK

The roof of a typical family home captures over 100,000 litres of rainwater a year

check back for my next post Facts about UK Sunshine!

Uses For Rain Water

I came across the following information for Lance Armstrong's live strong website. I think the information is quite interesting definitely mentioning some good uses.

 http://www.livestrong.com/article/123453-uses-rain-water/

Irrigate Lawn

Be prepared any upcoming dry spells by turning to your rain barrel for water to irrigate your lawn. Naturally, rainwater is an easy choice for watering outdoor plants or lawns. Harvesting rainwater for irrigation is growing in popularity in regions that face droughts, especially the Southwest. Rain barrels with hose attachments can be used to spray water from directly, or you can scoop water from the barrel with a pitcher or spray bottle to bring to your plants and lawn manually.

Wash Car

In regions not fraught with smog or pollution, rainwater is generally soft and considered good for washing. That goes for cars as well. For those concerned about the environment as well as the look of their vehicle, Planetgreen.com recommends donning a swimsuit and braving a rainstorm to clean your car with biodegradable, phosphate-free car wash product. If it's not raining and you own a rain barrel, scoop a pan of fresh rainwater so you too can avoid waste when washing your car. Obviously, this technique works just as well for motorcycles, bicycles and other modes of transportation.

Flush Toilet

Using rainwater to flush your toilet is a big project and a major investment, but it could lead to long term savings for the planet as well as your bank account. Most rainwater-toilet systems require some type of rain barrel elevated at least a floor above the toilet with an outlet attached to the toilet's supply line. This will offset the waste of processed water used to flush toilets, which makes up 25 percent of domestic water. A 50-100 gallon barrel will typically provide over 50 flushes.

Drink It

Rainwater can be drank or fed to livestock and pets. However, it is recommended that it is filtered and/or boiled first to eliminate pollutants, soil, plant parts, insect parts, bacteria, algae, and sometimes radioactive materials washed out by rain or snow. There are several commercial options for filtering rainwater, including portable devices. If you plan to store rainwater for drinking, be sure that your storage unit is secure and clean. Iodine and liquid chlorine bleach can be used to keep stored rainwater safe for drinking.

SONGS ABOUT RAIN

• "Who'll Stop the Rain?" by Creedence Clearwater Revival - This is one of the best rain songs for those that are ready to put a stop to the raindrops.
• "Riders on the Storm" by The Doors - Here's one of the best rock songs that actually features the sound of rain in the background, and it's the perfect tune to listen to when traveling down a spooky road on a rainy night.
• "Have You Ever Seen the Rain?" by Creedence Clearwater Revival - You can't have one of CCR's rain-related questions without the other.
• "Dreams" by Fleetwood Mac - This is one of the rock songs here that doesn't mention rain quite as often, but I just love the lines "thunder only happens when it's raining; players only love you when they're playing."
• "When the Levee Breaks" by Led Zeppelin - You won't find songs about flooding that rock as hard as this one does. It's truly a testament to the power of rain (and rock).
• "It's Raining Again" by Supertramp - This is one of the best rock songs if you've been experiencing a little too much rain lately. It might be about excessive rainfall that just needs to go away, but it sounds as cheery as a sunny summer day.
• "No Rain" by Blind Melon - And if you're looking for mellow rock songs to play along with the pitter-patter of raindrops, this one is perfect to listen to while watching puddles gather rain.
• "Rain Must Fall" by Queen - This is one of the best rock songs if you're the type that sees rainfall as more fun than depressing. It's funky, and it's Freddie. 'Nuff said.
• "The Rain Song" by Led Zeppelin - One of Led Zeppelin's most poetic songs is perfect to listen to while watching raindrops slowly slide down the window (you won't find a more relaxing rain song).
• "Only Happy When It Rains" by Garbage - For those that love gray days, chase the sun away with one of the best rain rock songs by one of our favorite redheads.
• "Rain King" by Counting Crows - For Counting Crows fans counting the raindrops and feeling lonely, listening to rain rock songs like this one might just help shed a little sunshine on your soul.
• "Standin' in the Rain" by Electric Light Orchestra - ELO brings the electric rain with this psychedelic storm (you won't find rain songs more mesmerizing than this masterpiece).
• "Rain Dance" by The Guess Who - Want to make it rain? Then dance along to one of The Guess Who's best songs, a 60's rock tune mixed with some surreal rain-invoking chanting.
• "Rain" by The Cult - For a fast and furious storm outside, you can't beat this hard-hitting beat (this is one of the best songs for those using the rain as an excuse to enjoy some indoor activities, if you know what I mean).
• "Still Raining, Still Dreaming" by the Jimi Hendrix Experience - And here's one of the best rock songs to play while daydreaming on a rainy day (Jimi's guitar has got just the groove to chase your blues away).
• "November Rain" by Guns N' Roses - This is one of the best rain rock ballads for those that feel like their hearts have been struck by lightning (weathering the storm isn't always easy, but it can definitely be worth the sunny days to come).
• "Let it Rain" by Eric Clapton - And here's the "Let It Be" of rain rock songs. Just relax; let the sky cry; and enjoy your tunes about H2O.
• "One More Rainy Day" by Deep Purple - This is another of the best songs for making a rainy day look brighter. So if you don't think you can stand one more rainy day, be sure to add peaceful, pleasurable tunes like this to your rainy day playlist.
• "Rain on the Roof" by Lovin' Spoonful - Be forewarned: this is ultra-cute pop rock. However, it might just be the spoonful of sugar you need when your summer plans get ruined by the rain.
• "Fool in the Rain" by Led Zeppelin - If you listen to songs like this to celebrate days when the sky is gray, then you just can't be a fool in the rain.
• "Rain" by the Beatles - This one brings to mind pictures of acid rain (if you know what I mean). It's slick, psychedelic, and one of the Beatle's best rock songs for making the world seem bright and sunny when it's actually drab and gray.
• "Run Between the Raindrops" by Pat Benatar - Running between raindrops might not be easy, but listening to Pat Benatar's amazing voice certainly is.
• "Outside the Rain" by Stevie Nicks - This is one of the best rain songs for those experiencing heartbreak as they stand outside the rain looking in on the one they love, a dangerous storm that they just can't quit chasing.
• "Rainy Days and Mondays" by The Carpenters - Karen Carpenter's voice is just as soothing as raindrops on the roof, and capable of making both rainy days and Mondays better.
• "Naked in the Rain" by Red Hot Chili Peppers - If you celebrate rainy days in an unconventional way, then enjoy singin' in the rain sans clothes to this rain song that rocks.
• "Louisiana Rain" by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers - Well, if you live in Louisiana, then you can't beat this rain song with a country twang.
• "Box of Rain" by Grateful Dead - And here's some mellow music to listen to while you enjoy...boxing rain?
• "Black Rain" by Ozzy Osbourne - If rainy days really put you in a dark mood, then the Prince of Darkness has just the song for you.
• "Shadows in the Rain" by The Police - And here's a little reggae rain song for those that might be a little delusional as they dance in the rain.
• "Crying in the Rain" by Whitesnake - Rain and Aqua Net don't mix, so if you plan on crying in the rain while rockin' out to this one, be sure to bring an umbrella.

RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Harvesting of rainwater is simply the collection of water for domestic or commercial use that would otherwise go down the drain. Various techniques have been practiced for thousands of years to collect and store water, especially in areas of low rainfall. Today, rainwater harvesting systems can be installed in both new and existing buildings and can range from a quick, cheap water butt to a more complex system. Rainwater can be used for the garden, washing the car, showering, flushing the toilet, the washing machine, and even drinking if treated with UV light.
water butt: the simplest collection method is a rainwater butt connected via a diverter such as a rainsava (see below) to a downpipe from the roof - water collected can be used on the garden, using a watering can.
rain harvesting system: in a typical rainwater system water is collected from the roof and taken via pipes to a storage tank. A filter removes leaves and other debris and a settlement tank allows small particles to sink to the bottom; floating debris is skimmed off the surface via an overflow pipe, and clean water extracted from just below the surface. Water can be pumped directly from the tank to appliances or to your loft header tank. A float switch in the tank will automatically top up with mains water if the level is too low
drinking water: rainwater can be used for drinking if you install a UV sterilisation unit; the unit is switched on permanently and uses c. 40 watts. This unit will need two filters before the water reaches it – 25 and 5 microns, otherwise micro-organisms can ‘hide’ behind particles.

what are the benefits?

• rainwater collection removes the need for the energy and chemicals used to produce pure drinking water - unnecessary if all we’re going to do is clean the car with it or flush it down the toilet
• it also reduces the need for the pumping of mains water, and the energy use, pollution and CO₂ emissions that go with it
• it reduces demand on rivers and groundwater: the WWF recently reported that over-extraction by water companies is damaging Britain’s wetlands and trout rivers. The problem is most acute in the south-east, where population is increasing and millions more houses will soon be built. 86% of an average household’s water needs can be met by collecting rainwater, without further purification (33% for washing, 25% for toilet flushing, 22% for car washing and 6% for the garden)
• other benefits: rainwater is soft, and leaves no limescale; washing clothes in soft water requires less detergent and so reduces water pollution from these compounds; plants love rainwater; it doesn’t contain chlorine, which is thought to be carcinogenic; large-scale collection of rainwater can reduce run-off and therefore the risk of flooding

RAINBOW RESEARCH

1) The order of the Rainbow spectrum is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
2) Roy G. Biv - The way to remember the colors of the Rainbow
3) Sir Isaac Newton discovered the seven distinct colors of the visible spectrum
4) The Rainbow is a reflection of perfect balance of the physical world
5) The Rainbow spectrum helps us understand the physical nature of the Universe
6) The Rainbow we see in a spectroscope takes the Universe apart to the smallest detail
7) What we see, feel, hear, taste and smell exists between the frequencies of red and violet
8) Rainbows are positive energy
9) Rainbows have relaxing and healing qualities
10) Rainbows are the universal symbol of peace and harmony
11) Rainbows are Gods promise - Genesis 9
12) Better than a good day - Have a Rainbow Day!!
13) A Rainbow is light refracted through millions of droplets of water
14) The angle of light refraction to create a Rainbow is 42 degrees to the eye of the observer
15) Each wavelength of light has a rate of vibration and produces the colors of the Rainbow
16) Rainbows and music are made of the same stuff just vibrating at a different frequency
17) It takes both the sun and rain to make a Rainbow
18) A Rainbow a day keeps the blues away!
19) Rainbows in your environment create good Feng Shui
20) Rainbows clear, cleanse, balance and attune your body and spirit.
21) The seven colors of the Rainbow correspond to the seven energy centers of the body
22) My heart leaps up when I behold a Rainbow in the sky.
23) Seeing a Rainbow is like stopping to smell the roses
24) As a man thinks, so he is…introduce more beauty and Rainbows into your life.
25) Give a Rainbow to a friend
26) Everyone needs a Rainbow
27) To love Rainbows is to respect all creation
28) The true shape of a Rainbow is a complete circle
29) If I cry tears let them wash away our fears and make a Rainbow of love for you.
30) Friends are like Rainbows - They bring laughter to your eyes
31) Iris was the Greek goddess of the Rainbow
32) Everyone loves a Rainbow!!
33) The "ladder to Heaven" is built of rungs which are the colors of the Rainbow

POSTER RESEARCH // RAIN RELATED QUOTES AND SAYINGS

Here are some quotes I cam across from quotegarden.com I think these a quite interesting and a nice starting point.

• Weather is a great metaphor for life - sometimes it's good, sometimes it's bad, and there's nothing much you can do about it but carry an umbrella.  ~Terri Guillemets
• Rainbows apologize for angry skies.  ~Sylvia Voirol
• The best thing one can do when it's raining is to let it rain.  ~Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
• Anyone who says sunshine brings happiness has never danced in the rain.  ~Author Unknown
• Some people walk in the rain, others just get wet.  ~Roger Miller   
• Rain! whose soft architectural hands have power to cut stones, and chisel to shapes of grandeur the very mountains.  ~Henry Ward Beecher
• Many a man curses the rain that falls upon his head, and knows not that it brings abundance to drive away the hunger.  ~Saint Basil
• A rainy day is the perfect time for a walk in the woods.  ~Rachel Carson
• It is best to read the weather forecast before praying for rain.  ~Mark Twain
• Clouds come floating into my life, no longer to carry rain or usher storm, but to add color to my sunset sky.  ~Rabindranath Tagore
• “Life is like a rainbow. You need both the sun and the rain to make its colors appear.”   
• “I'm singing in the rain, just singing in the rain; What a wonderful feeling, I'm happy again.” 

Here are some Rain Proverbs I have found:

• It usually rains where it's already wet.
• After rain comes sunshine
• Ducks quack loudly before a rain.
• When It Rains And The Sun Is Shining
  The simultaneous appearance of the sun and the rain is a very good sign indeed. This is when it is most likely for you to see rainbows in the sky. Indeed when the sun is shining brightly and there is also a shower of rain, it means that everything you are working on will be successful. You will receive the support of some very important people. If a son or daughter is born on such a day, it is a wonderful sign of a great life. If you happen to be getting married on such a day, you will enjoy a very auspicious life together.

DESIGN IS ABOUT DOING // RAIN POSTER RESEARCH

For the latest brief I was given a quote from Erik Kessels which is 'It always rains in your country". I have to create 3 posters that explain to visitors to the UK why so much rain is attractive.

Things I like about Rain

• The smell of rain on a warm day - reminds me of spring
• Fine Rain
• Heavy Rain
• Warm Rain
• Get your plants watered
• Water containers Fill
• R A I N B O W S!
• Plants Flurish
• Rivers fill up
• Relaxing
• Great to be inside in the warm when its cold and wet. Comforting.
• APRIL SHOWERS BRING THE FLOWERS 
• Childhood Memories
• Water Slide in summer showers
• SPLASHING IN PUDDDDLEEEEEESSSSSS!
• ......Wet T-shirts

Here are some reasons I found online at (wickedlocal):

• Free car washes every day.
• If you dig a big hole in your backyard, you can get a free swimming pool.
• We will not have a drought anytime soon.
• You have less of a risk of getting skin cancer.
• If you are ever thirsty, just stick out your tongue (free refills, too).
• Gives you more opportunities to go see that movie that you’ve wanted to see and buy those clothes or shoes that you’ve been eyeing.
• No need to water grass or garden.
• Save money on electricity such as air conditioning and fans.
• Pale is the new tan — your pale skin will bring out the color of your clothes, hair and eyes.
• It makes you appreciate the sunny days that we get and makes them more enjoyable!
• Carolyn Roche is an 11-year-old North Andover resident and optimist.

Here are more from (http://bareface.jimdo.com/2011/07/30/reasons-to-like-the-rain/)

• no rain, no rainbow
• no one knows that you are crying
• you can sing in the rain and be happy again
• you appreciate the roof over your head
• rain prevents you from seeing all the obstacles in your way
• you can run faster in the rain
• it might spoil your picnic but it saves the crop
• you can find your pains when it rains
• sunshine follows rain
• without rain there would be no life

Lecture 9 - Media Specificity

• Tufte- Powerpoint difficult way to communicate
• Slides are only on for a short period, showing images and bullet points.
• Injustice to mass amounts of information available. 
• The narrative becomes lost
• Powerpoint was developed for business presentations and to sell products. For this, illustrator is fine. The software has been used by academia in the same type of way, but it is ineffective.
• Medium specificity isn't just about the tools that we use it also about us and that we are a particular type of medium, all of the tools that we use are related to the way we think and move
• Poor type and grid lay out

Specificity of Homo sapiens

• large brain
• We have also stood up which means that most of our sensory mechanisms, sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch. This is all in an organ which is eased up off the ground. 

Sight...

Sound...

Smell/Touch...

• Media specificity evolves from old technologies but relates back: Final Cut Pro// Final Cut
• Medium Specifity is different to Media Specificity.
• Movements in influence new movements: concepts govern how media is used in reference to theorists.
• "Medium is the message" Marshall Mcluhan
• "Medium is the massage" This was the book that reinforced this message. The title is initially a typo which was kept due to it illustrating the point Mcluhan was making.
•  Social Extensions
• Film - flashbacks, narrative...
• Transmedia how medias is translated between formats.

Jo Task - 5 Aesthetically Pleasing Images

This week we were asked to find 5 examples of work we find aesthetically pleasing:

Chris Gall

This has been beautifully crafted using various techniques from embossing to foiling, the outcome is tremendous. He has such a wonderful illustration style and uses eye catching colours.

Ste

ste

I really like the use of colours in this piece of work, They are eye catching yet subtle

I love the symmetry also, and the scale of the work. It looks very grand.

Michael Marsicano

I came across Michaels work on Behance. His illustration style is awesome

Like this piece because it is humorous and the colour scheme works well.

Its well thought out.

Tang Yau Hoong

Tang has to be my favourite designer his work is so clever

and interesting he mainly uses negative space in his work

leaving your imagination guessing. It sometimes takes a few seconds to

see the bigger picture which I think is valuable in design.

Mathias Nosel

This beautiful piece of work has been tattooed onto animal skin

I love the detail and time and effort gone into creating it. I like the fact that its different form other posters

The tattoo tells a story as well which is an added bonus.