Wednesday, 29 February 2012

Lecture 10 - A History of Advertising

  • Key points of the historical narrative presented
  • The contexts (historical, political, economic, etc) in which modern advertising emerged in the uk
  • Aspects of advertising strategy
  • Linked to the lecture Social Media and Communication that looks at the impact of New Media
  • The importance of soap
The Plot:
  • large-scale colour printing technology developed in the 19 century. 
  • This led to the soup ads for Lever brothers
  • These ads and the strategy incited by Lever points towards creative advertising giants called Bernbach (DDB) and Hegarty (BBH).
  • Bernbach founded a very influential agency in the mid 50s in New York the agency is called Doyle Dane Bernbach. 
  • Sunlight vision 
  • Advertising is essential and promotes growth 
  • Pre-packaging was introduced in 1860s 
  • First one to use this printing and folding method was Kellogg's 
  • Adds brand value through advertising 
  • Abolishment of taxes on newspapers 
  • Progress with reproduction and printing methods in 1880s caused further booms 
  • 1890s technology enabled contemporary paintings to be reproduced 
 
  • Aspirational images used in soap advert 
  • Advertising transformed soap manufacture in local areas 1885 to become one of the worlds first multinationals
  • Use of child as a sign 
  • Infant mortality rate high at the time 
  • Very popular subject 
  • Signified joy, blessing, purity 
 
  • George Dunlop Leslie works bought often to be used in adverts- linked to Alice in Wonderland
  • Emotional strategy 
  • Strategy enhanced by image style 
  • Selecting and presenting contemporary art works- communicated more powerfully a desired message 
  • Reproduced for the masses 
  • Use of colour in imagery- provided entertainment/ spectacle 
  • Other ads just text based at the time 
First creative Advertising
  • Message was told in an interesting and innovative way
  • Imagery provided a spectacle and entertainment, especially for working classes to whom it was usually aimed at
  • By adding simple endlines, Lever managed to change the meanings of images to his advantage.
  • Distinct from other advertising that had gone before.
  • Encouraged consumers to collect vouchers and save for prints of the ads.
  • Brand loyalty 
  • Lever bros one of first to introduce innovative advertising events- open to involvement from everyone 
  • Royal endorsement in 1892 
  • Soap makers to Queen Victoria 
  • Democratization
  •  Lever used different international agencies in the 20th century 
  • Imperial mission- civilize rest of world
  • Empire celebrate as part of working class 
  • Sanitary achievements- adverts to persuade consumers about hygiene 
  • High feeling strategy 
  • Discrepancy theory widespread
  • Between self and ideal image- differences 
  • Celebrity endorsements 
  • Unilever's still a sponsor of contemporary art today 
  • 1920s and 30s began criticisms- products of capitalism and mechanism
Fundamentals of honest business, will continue to advance humanity to brotherhood…honesty in advertising …is a cardinal principle in your country and in mine…the advertiser…is building for those who follow after him. It should be the same with nations’
Leverhulme NY (1923)


Here is a nice virtual history of advertising I found online.


Here is a site i Looked at on Advertising Techniques:

1. Internet Advertising

2. Direct Mail

3. Writing as Advertising

4. TV Advertising

5. Public Relations as one of the “Earned” Advertising Techniques

6. Print Advertising (Newspaper, Magazine, etc)

7. Radio

8. Word-Of-Mouth

and Buzz as Advertising Techniques



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